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Oaxaca, simply, is one of Mexico's great colonial cities. She sits almost a mile above sea level where three central valleys merge. Cortes and his band conquered this former Aztec stronghold and his descendent family remained Marques del Valle de Oaxaca until 1910. The powerful Dominican Order (with the help of the building skills of the indigenous population), built some of the most spectacular Baroque churches in the New World. Add courtyards dripping with flowers, intricate iron balconies, jutting cobblestone streets and a gracious main plaza and park - all are legacies of Oaxaca's exotic colonial past. No other colonial city in Mexico is so vibrantly alive with indigenous cultural treasures as Oaxaca. Sixteen ethnic groups, descendants of the great Zapotec and Mixtec civilizations, enliven the present day city with a dazzling selection of crafts, an irresistibly aromatic cuisine and richly embroidered costumes. In this city's very air is the aroma of chocolate combined with an almost addictive blend of spices. The spectacular indoor and outdoor markets are a heady blend of sights and sounds found only in the Oaxaca Valley. And in the near distance, the monumental ruins of Monte Alban, Mitla and Yagul endure as legacies of the great Pre-Columbian civilizations. As if the city itself doesn't have enough to offer, a visit to Oaxaca is incomplete without a few day-trips to the surrounding villages, each with their own market day and unique crafts.